The Politics of CANDU Exports
The Politics of CANDU Exports
IPAC Series in Public Management and Governance
Duane Bratt
University of Toronto Press © 2006
Cloth: Sep 24 2006 Active/Available
World Rights
336pp /5 figures; 30 tables
In The Politics of CANDU Exports, Duane Bratt provides a comprehensive history of the export of the Canada Deuterium-Uranium (CANDU) reactor - a pressurized heavy water natural-uranium power reactor designed and marketed by Atomic Energy of Canada Limited. Bratt examines every CANDU sale, as well as some important unsuccessful sales attempts, from 1956 to the present. He also outlines the impact that changes in the international political climate such as the creation and strengthening of the international nuclear non-proliferation regime, and the increasing importance of human rights and environmental protection, have had on CANDU exports over the last fifty years.
Bratt’s study attempts to develop a framework for understanding the ebb and flow of the influences of different foreign policy objectives on Canada’s decision-making process. There are litanies of economic and political interests that Canadian governments have hoped to serve by exporting CANDUs, interests such as economic gain, containing communism, and assisting the developing world. Yet, Canada has additional foreign policy objectives such as national security, the protection of human rights, and preservation of the environment, which constrain the desire to export CANDUs. Furthermore, the nature of the debate surrounding CANDU exports has changed over time. Bratt shows that while the traditional debate over CANDU exports was between Canada’s commercial interests and its security concerns, since the early 1990s a new debate focused on two separate planes of argument has emerged. The economic benefits of exporting the CANDU reactors are now weighed against the economic cost of extensive government subsidies; while the environmental benefits of CANDU exports are measured against the environmental costs of building and promoting nuclear power.
Duane Bratt teaches political science in the Department of Policy Studies at Mount Royal College.
Table of Contents
List of Tables and Figures
Acknowledgments
List of Acronym
Introduction
• Origins of Canada’s Nuclear Program
• Organization of This Book
Justifying CANDU Exports
• Economics
• Politics
Constraints on CANDU Exports
• Nuclear Proliferation
• Human Rights
• Nuclear Safety and Environmental Values
• Government Subsidies
• The Anti-Nuclear Lobby
The Need to Establish Markets, 1945–1974
• India: CIRUS, 1956
• India: RAPP I, 1963
• Pakistan: KANUPP, 1965
• India: RAPP II, 1966
• Taiwan: TRR, 1969
• Argentina: Embalse, 1973
• South Korea: Wolsung I, 1973
Strengthening Safeguards, 1974–1976
• Changes to Canada’s Non-Proliferation Policy
• India: Suspension of Nuclear Assistance
• South Korea’s Safeguards Agreement
• Argentina’s Safeguards Agreements
• India: Termination of Nuclear Cooperation
• Pakistan: Termination of Nuclear Cooperation
Suffering the Consequences, 1977–1989
• Romania: Cernavoda I, 1978
• Argentina: Atucha II, 1979
• Export Failures in the 1980s
Nuclear Renaissance, 1990–1996
• South Korea: Wolsung II to IV, 1990–2
• Romania: Increasing Nuclear Cooperation, 1991
• China: Qinshan I and II, 1996
New Challenges and New Opportunities, 1997–2005
• Nuclear Non-Proliferation
• Human Rights
• Nuclear Safety and Environmental Protection
• Government Subsidies
• Economics
Explaining CANDU Exports
• Clashing Nuclear Actors
Appendix: Basics of Nuclear Energy
Notes
Bibliography
Index
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